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EARLY LIVERPOOL LEVER
Joseph Johnson, c. 1823

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This massive (57mm) pair-case watch shows the classic 19th-century English full-plate lever in its very earliest form.   The dial, enamelled in an unusually deep cream tint, combines the old (vestigial five-minute figures) and the new (subsidiary seconds dial).   Notice also the very fat stem typical of the period 1810-1825, the gold hands in the ‘Breguet’ or ‘moon’ pattern, and the bullseye glass with its ground-flat centre section.
The gilt brass movement is signed Liverpool / 5687 / Jos'h Johnson, with the typically florid treatment of the name Liverpool expressing the civic pride of this fast-growing port and manufacturing town.   The enormous jewels to the lever, escape wheel and fourth wheel are known as Liverpool windows.   The cock with its three-dimensional engraving is another Liverpool speciality, while the fish-tail shaping of the foot is characteristic of the 1820s.


Click here for the sound of a 180-year-old watch!

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The inner case, which is hallmarked Chester 1820, betrays the guilty
secret of this watch;  it has been re-cased.   The bored-out winding-hole
is the most obvious tell-tale (others are the stamped serial number 3006
which differs from that of the movement, and the enlargement of the
cut-out for the movement release catch.)   However, this case was also
made for a Joseph Johnson watch, since it bears his initials.   Johnson's serial numbers are particularly difficult to interpret and clearly did not run in a single sequence; unfortunately an extraordinarily high proportion of the surviving watches have been re-cased, so that the hallmarks become valueless as dating indications.   However, it does appear that the initial sequence had reached the 7000s by 1825, so that this movement may date from 1822-23.

Notice the revolving cover for the winding-hole, a refinement found only

in the earliest years of the nineteenth century.  

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This watch came to me from Christchurch, New Zealand, and the
watch-paper shown here (dated 1869, 1871 and 1873 on the back)
suggests that it has spent most of its life there;  Windsor is now a suburb
of that town.   It seems likely that the watchmaker was one of the prolific Broderick family who plied their trade in Boston, Lincolnshire (not Boston MA, as stated in earlier versions of this page) for nearly a century from about 1790.

I am greatly indebted to Mr. John Meyer of Las Vegas
(a descendant of the Johnson family)
for much additional information on the firm's history
and on serial numbers, and also to Mr. Hugh Watson
for information about the Broderick family.


The firm of Joseph Johnson is first recorded in about 1795 and continued to make watches until the 1850s, thereafter trading as importers and retailers for another 20 years.   The name ‘Joseph Johnson’ was used throughout - a departure from the normal British practice of treating each maker as an individual*.   The trading address was in Church Street, Liverpool, throughout, initially at Nos. 26-27 (25 on watch movements, this presumably being the manufacturing part of the premises) and later at Nos. 48-49.   Many Johnson watches were destined for the American market and a larger proportion of them were accordingly fitted with compensated balances, long before these became common in the home market.

*I have seen a watch signed John Johnson but conforming in every other way to the house style of the firm.   Possibly this John was a family member who headed a particular overseas office.